
图片
一、 核心概念与功能解析
形容词 (Adjectives - adj.):
功能: 修饰名词或代词,描述其性质、状态、特征或所属。
回答的问题: What kind? (什么种类?) Which one? (哪一个?) How many? (多少?)
位置:
前置定语: 最常见位置,放在名词前。a beautiful flower (一朵美丽的花), an interesting book (一本有趣的书), the red car (那辆红色的车)。
后置定语: 修饰复合不定代词 (something, anything, nothing, someone等)。something important (重要的事情), nothing special (没什么特别的)。
表语: 放在系动词 (be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, become, get, turn等) 之后,描述主语的状态或特征。The sky is blue. (天空是蓝色的。) She looks happy. (她看起来很开心。) The soup smells delicious. (汤闻起来很香。)
副词 (Adverbs - adv.):
功能: 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,描述动作发生的方式、程度、时间、地点、频率等。
回答的问题: How? (怎样?) When? (何时?) Where? (何地?) How often? (多久一次?) How much? (到什么程度?) Why? (为什么?)
主要类型与位置:
方式副词 (How?): 通常由形容词+ly构成 (quickly, slowly, carefully, happily),常位于动词后或宾语后。He runs quickly. (他跑得快。) She speaks English fluently. (她英语说得很流利。)
程度副词 (How much?):
(very, quite, too, so, really, almost, extremely) 修饰形容词或其他副词,位于被修饰词前。very good (非常好), too fast (太快了), quite carefully (相当仔细地)。
时间副词 (When?): (now, then, yesterday, soon, already) 常位于句首或句末。I will call you later. (我稍后打给你。) Yesterday, we went shopping. (昨天我们去购物了。)
地点副词 (Where?): (here, there, upstairs, everywhere, outside) 常位于动词后或句末。Come here! (过来!) He looked everywhere. (他到处看了。)
频度副词 (How often?):
(always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never) 位于实义动词前,助动词/情态动词/系动词后。I often go swimming. (我经常去游泳。) She is always late. (她总是迟到。) You should never give up. (你永远不该放弃。)
句子副词:
修饰整个句子 (fortunately, unfortunately, obviously, probably),常位于句首并用逗号隔开。Fortunately, no one was hurt. (幸运的是,没人受伤。)
二、 核心考点与易错点剖析
形容词 vs 副词混淆: 这是最高频考点。
错误本质: 该用副词修饰动词/形容词/副词时用了形容词,或该用形容词作表语修饰名词时用了副词。
关键区分: 看被修饰的词是什么词性!
修饰名词/代词 → 用形容词 (a fast car, She is smart.)
修饰动词/形容词/副词 → 用副词 (run fast, extremely smart, run very fast)
经典陷阱题:
He is a careful driver. (形容词修饰名词driver) vs. He drives carefully. (副词修饰动词drives)
This is an easy question. (形容词修饰名词question) vs. I can answer it easily. (副词修饰动词answer)
The music sounds beautiful. (sound是系动词,后接形容词beautiful描述主语music) vs. The bird sings beautifully. (副词beautifully修饰动词sings)
形容词/副词比较级与最高级:
构成规则:
单音节/部分双音节词:
-er, -est (fast-faster-fastest, big-bigger-biggest, happy-happier-happiest)
多音节词/部分双音节词:more, most (careful-more careful-most careful, beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful)
不规则变化 (必须熟记): good/well - better - best, bad/badly - worse - worst, many/much - more - most, little - less - least, far - farther/further - farthest/furthest
比较级用法:
A + be/实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B:She is taller than me. / He runs faster than I do.
Which/Who + be + 比较级, A or B?:Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?
比较级前可用much, a lot, far, a little, a bit, even, still等修饰表示程度。
最高级用法:
A + be/实义动词 + the + 最高级 (+ 比较范围):This is the most expensive car (in the showroom). / He works (the) hardest (of all). (副词最高级the可省略)
one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词:Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.
考点陷阱:
比较对象不一致:The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai. (错) → 应为 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. (比较的是天气,不是北京和上海)
比较级结构缺失:This book is more interesting. (缺少than...比较对象,语义不完整,除非上下文明确)
as...as 同级比较:A + be/实义动词 + as + 原级 + as + B (She is as tall as her sister.),否定用 not as/so...as (He doesn't run as fast as me.)。注意中间用原级。
the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...:表示“越...就越...”。The more you practice, the better you will speak.
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序: (虽非绝对,但有常见倾向)
口诀参考: 限定词 (冠词、物主代词等) → 观点/评价 (lovely, terrible) → 大小 (big, small) → 形状 (round, square) → 新旧/年龄 (new, old, young) → 颜色 (red, blue) → 来源/国籍 (Chinese, wooden) → 材料 (silk, plastic) → 用途/类别 (cooking, sports) + 中心名词。
例: a beautiful small round old brown Chinese wooden dining table (一张漂亮的、小的、圆形的、旧的、棕色的、中式的、木制的餐桌)。实际使用中很少堆砌这么多形容词,但需理解核心顺序原则。
特殊形式与用法:
以-ly结尾的形容词: 并非所有-ly词都是副词!如 friendly (友好的), lovely (可爱的), lonely (孤独的), lively (活泼的), elderly (年长的), silly (愚蠢的) 是形容词。表达副词含义需用短语:in a friendly way/manner。
形容词副词同形: fast (快), hard (努力 / 硬的), early (早), late (晚), daily (每日的/每日地), straight (直的/直接地) 等。He is a fast runner. (形) / He runs fast. (副) / It's hard work. (形) / He works hard. (副) (注意:hardly 是“几乎不”的意思!)
good vs well: good 是形容词 (a good student),well 通常是副词 (sing well),但表示“身体健康”时是形容词 (feel well)。
enough的位置: 修饰形容词/副词时放在其后 (old enough, carefully enough),修饰名词时放在其前 (enough time)。
三、 核心答题技巧精要
定位关键词,判断修饰对象:
看到空格修饰名词 → 优先考虑形容词。
看到空格修饰动词、形容词、另一个副词 → 优先考虑副词。
看到系动词 (be, look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, become等) 后的空格 → 优先考虑形容词作表语。
识别比较结构:
看到 than → 空格处必须用比较级。
看到表示范围的短语 (in the class, of all, I have ever seen) 或 the → 空格处必须用最高级。
看到 as...as 或 not as/so...as → 中间空格处必须用原级。
牢记不规则变化: 遇到 good/well, bad/badly, many/much, little, far 等词,要立刻反应其比较级和最高级形式。
注意特殊形式与固定用法:
看到以 -ly 结尾的词修饰名词 → 警惕它可能是形容词 (如 friendly person)。
看到常见同形词 (fast, hard, early, late) → 根据上下文判断是形容词还是副词。
注意 good 和 well 的区别,以及 hard 和 hardly 的天壤之别。
注意 enough 修饰不同词性时的位置。
整体语境理解: 语法规则是基础,最终理解句意是关键。结合上下文,确保选择的词在语义和逻辑上都通顺。
总结: 攻克形容词与副词的核心在于精准识别被修饰对象,熟练掌握比较等级的变化规则与结构,并警惕那些特殊形式和易混淆点。通过大量练习和错题分析,不断强化规则应用能力,定能在此类考点上取得显著进步。
本站仅提供存储服务,所有内容均由用户发布,如发现有害或侵权内容,请点击举报。启远网-股票新手开户-配资世界网-短线配资网提示:文章来自网络,不代表本站观点。